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Table 2 Study design, timing, and scope of the reviewed original articles (n = 139) published in the Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute, in the period from 2011 to 2016

From: Pitfalls in scientific research: critical appraisal of articles published in one of the international journals in Egypt

Item

Number (%)

Study design

Clearly stated

 

36 (25.9)

 Type

Case-control

11 (30.6)

Cohort

10 (27.7)

Cross sectional

5 (13.9)

Clinical trial

5 (13.9)

Pilot

3 (8.3)

Documentary

1 (2.8)

Case series

1 (2.7)

Study timing

Reported

 

82 (59.0)

Retrospective

54 (65.8)

 Timing

Prospective

19 (23.2)

Non-directional

5 (6.1)

Combined

4 (4.9)

Study scope

Prognostic

44 (31.7)

Therapeutic

34 (24.5)

Diagnostic

30 (21.6)

Basic science

17 (12.2)

Epidemiologic

9 (6.5)

Preventive

4 (2.9)

Others

1 (0.7)