Table 1 Colloidal NPs tested for the treatment of osteosarcoma

HA NPs

Catechins

In vitro: significantly improved cellular uptake and antitumor activity against human osteosarcoma MNNG/HOS cells.

[33]

Liposomes

GCB and CFM

In vitro: significant (p < 0.05) cytotoxicity against Saos-2 cells than plain combination of GCB and CFM, and alone.

[34]

Liposomes

DOX

In vitro: increased cytotoxicity against U-2OS and U-2OS/DX580 than plain DOX and marketed DOX Caelyx.

In vivo: significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced tumor growth inhibition in female Balb/C than plain DOX and marketed DOX Caelyx.

[35]

Micelles

CUR

In vitro: improved cytotoxicity against MG-63 cells when compared to free CUR.

[36]

PDPN

SHK

In vitro: increased cytotoxicity against 143B cells than plain SHK.

In vivo: significant (p < 0.001) reduction in tumor volume by and pulmonary metastasis in BALB/c nude mice than plain SHK.

[37]

Polymeric NPs

CUR

In vitro: remarkable cytotoxicity than plain CUR against 143B cells.

[38]

Nanoliposomes

DOX

In vitro: improved cytotoxicity against Saos-2 cells than non-targeted liposomes and plain DOX.

[39]

Chitosan conjugated PLGA NPs

DTX and ALD

In vitro: sustained release of DTX and ALD, improved cellular uptake, and cytotoxicity against MG-63 cells.

[40]

Dendrimers

pTRAIL

In vitro: improved transfection efficacy on osteosarcoma MG-63 cells than commercial transfection reagents.

[41]