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Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute
Fig. 3 | Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute

Fig. 3

From: Drug repurposing: re-inventing therapies for cancer without re-entering the development pipeline—a review

Fig. 3

Pictorial representation of diverge mechanisms of action of ritonavir in different cancers. Ritonavir is thought to apply its anti-cancer action by hindering numerous signaling pathways, including the AKT and nuclear factor-kappa B pathways; it also inhibits survivin, HSP90 substrates and induces ER stress and apoptosis by blocking Akt pathways in various cancers

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