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Table 1 The summary of the histopathological finding and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis of hamsters’ buccal pouch. The tumorigenesis has been induced using DMBA. Genistein has been administrated orally to group 2B as a possible chemo-suppressor for tumorigenesis. SPF, S-phase fragment; w, week; n, number of animals

From: Genistein anticancer efficacy during induced oral squamous cell carcinoma: an experimental study

W

n

Group 2

3 W

3

No clinical or histopathological changes (FCM analysis: diploid, low SPF)

6 W

3

White patch with epithelial hyperplasia and no cellular atypia (diploid, low SPF)

Group 2A (DMBA)

Group 2B (DMBA + genistein)

W

n

Histopathological finding

FCM analysis

n

Histopathological finding

FCM analysis

Diploid/aneuploid

SPF L/H

Diploid/aneuploid

SPF L/H

9 w

2

Epith. hyperplasia

2/0

2/0

6

Epith. hyperplasia with no cellular atypia

6/0

6/0

4

Mild dysplasia and papilloma

4/0

2/2

12 w

1

Moderate dysplasia

1/0

0/1

5

Epith. hyperplasia

5/0

5/0

3

Carcinoma in situ

2/1

2/1

1

Erythema, mild dysplasia

1/0

0/1

2

Early invasive carcinoma

2/0

1/1

15 w

2

Early invasive carcinoma

1/1

1/1

3

Epith. hyperplasia

3/0

3/0

4

Invasive, well-differentiated OSCC

3/1

1/3

3

Mild dysplasia endo- and exophytic epithelial growth

3/0

2/1

18 W

4

Invasive, well-differentiated OSCC

2/2

1/3

2

Epith. hyperplasia

2/0

2/0

 

2

Moderate-differentiated OSCC

1/1

1/1

3

Mild epithelial dysplasia

1/2

1/2

1

Early invasive carcinoma

0/1

0/1

21 W

1

Invasive, well-differentiated OSCC

0/1

0/1

3

Moderate dysplasia

3/0

2/1

 

5

Ulcerative oral mass, moderate-differentiated OSCC

1/4

2/3

2

Early invasive carcinoma

1/1

1/1

1

Invasive, well-differentiated OSCC

0/1

0/1

24 W

2

Moderate-differentiated OSCC

0/2

0/2

3

Necrotic areas without any dysplasia

3/0

3/0

4

Poor differentiated OSCC, malignant criteria

0/4

0/4

2

Invasive, well-differentiated OSCC

1/1

0/2

   

1

Moderate OSCC

0/1

0/1

Total

36

29 carcinoma

19/17

13/23

36

10 carcinoma

29/7

26/11

%

 

80.56% carcinoma

47.22% aneuploid

63.89% H SPF

 

27.78 carcinoma

19.44% aneuploid

30.56% H SPF