Table 1 Demographics and clinical features of included sample

Age (in years)

 Median

65 years

 Range

57–73 years

Gender (n, %)

 Male

113, 85%

 Female

20, 15%

Tumor extension (n, %)

 Confined locally

29, 21.8%

 Nodal involvement

35, 26.3%

 Metastatic

69, 51.9%

Muscle invasion

 Negative

49, 36.9%

 Positive

84, 63.1%

Surgical management (after staging)

 Cystectomy

44, 33%

 Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT)

89, 67%